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Cognitive Decline - Dementia

:: Nov-Dec 2007


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View all Treatment articles in our Daily Treatment Report. The most recent articles are listed on top (not in alphabetical order). Click on the Topic on our home page and then the subtopic - Alzheimer's Daily Treatment Report, FTD Daily Report, Lewy Body Daily Report, or the Vascular Dementia Daily Report. Stay updated on drugs and their side effects, and various other treatments, including exercise, nutrition, and supplements.

Highlighted Article

Disruptive Behavior as a Predictor in Alzheimer Disease (Arch Neurol. 2007) "Conclusion Disruptive behavior is very common in AD and predicts cognitive decline, functional decline, and institutionalization but not mortality."

Clinical Guidelines

Internet Sites

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Related Topics - Highlighted Articles

Cardivascular: General

C-Reactive Protein and Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease. The Rotterdam Scan Study (Circulation 2005) "Background--Inflammatory processes are involved in the development and consequences of atherosclerosis. Whether these processes are also involved in cerebral small-vessel disease is unknown. Cerebral white matter lesions and lacunar brain infarcts are caused by small-vessel disease and are commonly observed on MRI scans in elderly people. These lesions are associated with an increased risk of stroke and dementia. Ä Conclusions--Inflammatory processes may be involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral small-vessel disease, in particular, the development of white matter lesions."


Neural Injury: Neurodegeneration

Oxidative DNA damage in peripheral leukocytes of mild cognitive impairment and AD patients. (Neurobiol Aging. 2005) "It is well established that oxidative stress plays a key role in the degenerative neuronal death and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), although it is not clear if it is the primary triggering event in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical condition between normal aging and AD, characterized by a memory deficit without loss of general cognitive and functional abilities. Ä Our results give a further indication that oxidative stress, at least at the DNA level, is an earlier event in the pathogenesis of AD."

 

Diagnosis, Imaging, and Screening
General Information

Clinical prediction of Alzheimer disease dementia across the spectrum of mild cognitive impairment. (Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: Even in very mildly impaired individuals who do not meet strict MCI criteria as implemented in clinical trials, the degree of cognitive impairment in daily life and performance on neuropsychological testing predict likelihood of an AD diagnosis within 5 years."

Dietary patterns and risk of dementia: the Three-City cohort study. (Neurology. 2007) "CONCLUSION: Frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables, fish, and omega-3 rich oils may decrease the risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease, especially among ApoE epsilon 4 noncarriers."

Diets of Alzheimer's patients lack many nutrients “People with Alzheimer's disease eat less nutritiously than their peers without dementia, even in the early stages of the disease, new research from Canada shows. This is particularly concerning given that adequate intakes of certain nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin K, and other antioxidants, could possibly help to preserve mental function, Dr. Bryna Shatenstein of the University of Montreal and her colleagues say.”

Natural antioxidants in Alzheimer's disease. (Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007)

Perseveration in Alzheimer's Disease (Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2008)

Primary Progressive Aphasia: A 25-year Retrospective. (Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders 2007)

Progressive agraphia can be a harbinger of degenerative dementia. (Brain Lang. 2007)

Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia and Its Characteristic Motor Speech Deficits. (Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2007)

[Relationship between essential tremor, Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.] (Rev Neurol. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS. ET, PD and DLB could represent different points on the same clinical spectrum."

Scientists Want to Find Alzheimer’s Before a Mind Fails “Studies with the dye have already found significant deposits in 20 percent to 25 percent of seemingly normal people over 65, suggesting that they may be on the way to Alzheimer’s, though only time will tell. … The disease is by no means inevitable, but among people 85 and older, about 40 percent develop Alzheimer’s and spend their so-called golden years in a thicket of confusion, ultimately becoming incontinent, mute, bedridden or forced to use a wheelchair and completely dependent on others. “It makes people wonder whether they really want to live that long,” Dr. Klunk said.“

Vascular dementia: clinical, neuroradiologic and neuropathologic aspects. (Panminerva Med. 2007) “Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD), and some studies suggest that the frequency increases exponentially over the age of 65 years.”

 

Risk Factors

Carotid atherosclerosis and cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. (Neurobiol Aging. 2007) “Results show a link between progression of carotid wall changes and of cognitive decline, and suggest a possible protective role of antihypertensive therapy. Given the potential clinical implications, our preliminary findings could stimulate further investigations into the role of vascular impairment in patients with AD.”

Number of children is associated with neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease in women. (Neurobiol Aging. 2007) “CONCLUSIONS: Since the associations between number of children and neuropathology of AD were found for women only, they might reflect sex-specific mechanisms (such as variations in estrogen or luteinizing hormone levels) rather than social, economic, biological or other mechanisms common to both men and women.”

The tau S305S mutation causes frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism. (Eur J Neurol. 2007)

 

Risk Reduction

Fish Oil Prevents Alzheimer's Plaques “Why does fish oil help prevent Alzheimer's disease? Your brain needs a fish oil fatty acid to make a plaque-fighting protein, UCLA researchers find. It's known that people who get plenty of DHA, a fish oil fatty acid, have a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease, note Greg M. Cole, PhD, associate director of the UCLA Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and colleagues. … It may be too late for people with late-stage Alzheimer's disease to get much benefit from fish oil. But Cole suggests that it may be a great help if taken at the first signs of Alzheimer's.”

Lifestyle-related factors in predementia and dementia syndromes. (Expert Rev Neurother. 2008) “At present, in older subjects, healthy diets, antioxidant supplements, the prevention of nutritional deficiencies, and moderate physical activity could be considered the first line of defense against the development and progression of predementia and dementia syndromes. However, in most cases, these were only observational studies, and results are awaited from large multicenter randomized clinical trials in older persons that may clarify the possible synergy, for example, between moderate exercise, physical activity and healthy Mediterranean diet on cognition in the elderly.”

Physical activity and dementia risk in the elderly. Findings from a prospective Italian study. (Neurology. 2007) “CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, physical activity is associated with a lower risk of vascular dementia but not of Alzheimer disease. Further research is needed about the biologic mechanisms operating between physical activity and cognition.”

 

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